Urban Form and Household Energy Consumption: Evidence from China Panel Data

Compact urban form is of great importance to facilitate low carbon development, while little empirical evidence was found about the impact geometric on household energy consumption with panel data; this paper uses a multi-time China land cover dataset calculate 253 prefecture-level cities for years 2000, 2010 and 2020 examines its consumption. We use ruggedness as instrumental variable form. The results show are negatively related. result robust several alternative specifications, including measuring without central heating or controlling extreme weather year effect. Mechanism analysis shows compact reduces commuting time in larger medium cities.